Check out example codes for "get ad user using email address microsoft graph C#". It will help you in understanding the concepts better.
Code Example 1
// Retrieve a user by id
var user = await graphClient
.Users["00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"]
.Request()
.GetAsync();
// Retrieve a user by userPrincipalName
var user = await graphClient
.Users["[email protected]"]
.Request()
.GetAsync();
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